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Race definition:
Racism: a
set of attitudes and behaviour towards another racial or ethnic group based
on:
*
The belief that natural difference in
physical characteristics (such as skin colour, hair type, face shape, etc.)
corresponds directly to differences in personality and ability.
*
The social and economic power of
members of one racial or ethnic group to enforce and enact such attitudes and
behaviour towards others.
Institutional racism:
procedures, practices and behaviour within an organisation or institution,
which support and encourage direct or indirect racial discrimination.
Prejudice: pre-judging people
in a negative way according to pre-conceived ideas about them.
Stereotyping: making broad
generalisations about particular groups of people and expecting all members
of that group to think and behave identically.
Positive discrimination:
treating people more favourably on the grounds of race, nationality,
religion, gender etc. (Under the Race Relations Act this is illegal in the UK.)
Positive action:
offering special help to people who are disadvantaged
because of prejudice, stereotyping and discrimination, in order that they may
take full and equal advantage of opportunities in jobs, education, training,
services, etc.
Affirmative action:
a term commonly used in the USA to refer to positive discrimination.
Direct discrimination: treating
people less favourably because of race, nationality, religion, gender, etc.
Indirect discrimination:
applying a rule or requirement, which effectively leads to
less favourable conditions or treatment for a particular group of people.
Ethnicity: a sense of
cultural and historical identity based on belonging by birth to a distinctive
cultural group.
Ethnocentricity:
viewing the world from the perspective of one particular ethnic group, often
with the assumption that the values, beliefs and achievements of that group
are superior to those of other ethnic groups.
Nationalism:
a distinctive sense of cultural and historical identity and or common destiny
based on being a citizen of a particular nation state.
Multi – culturalism:
the belief that many different cultures should be encouraged and allowed to
flourish in society and that services and facilities such as health,
education, the arts, etc should be delivered in a way that embodies and
promotes this belief.
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